Veterinary Pharmacology Drugs Practice Test

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• The elimination half-life of a drug is determined by which two pharmacokinetic parameters, and what is the standard formula?
• Which pure opioid agonist is the standard against which others are compared for analgesia?
• Dormosedan is the trade name for which alpha-2 agonist?
• Cefovecin is a long-acting injectable cephalosporin used in dogs and cats. Which statement best describes its use?
• Which opioid is schedule III and used for nonproductive cough?
• Which indirect cholinomimetic agent has a longer duration than neostigmine and is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
• Which pharmacokinetic concept explains why two drugs with the same potency can have different safety profiles?
• What is a major skeletal toxicity risk of fluoroquinolones in growing animals, and what feline risk exists with certain drugs?
• How do beta-lactamase inhibitors augment penicillin therapy?
• What does digoxin therapy primarily improve in dogs with atrial fibrillation?
• Which inhalant is known as the 'laughing gas' and used as an analgesic adjunct during anesthesia?
• Which statement best describes a high therapeutic index?
• Which indirect cholinergic agent is used in insecticide dips and is dangerous to humans?
• Which opioid is used to treat colic pain in horses and is a Class II controlled substance?
• Which CNS stimulant is used to stimulate respirations in newborns or in respiratory arrest? Trade name Dopram.
• Which statement accurately describes the safety profile of benzodiazepines relative to barbiturates?
• Differentiate tachyphylaxis from tolerance.
• What is a key consideration when prescribing analgesics to exotic species (e.g., birds, reptiles) compared to mammals?
• Which agent is used to treat fearfulness and anxiety in animals?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a common adverse effect of long-term systemic corticosteroids in small animals?
• What does oral bioavailability measure and how does first-pass metabolism influence it?
• Which signs are typical of monensin toxicity in horses?
• Which competitive nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker is used to provide muscle relaxation and is reversed by neostigmine?
• Which short-acting barbiturate may be used to control seizures in progress that are refractory to diazepam, as an intravenous anesthetic, and as a euthanasia agent?
• Why is liver enzyme monitoring important during long-term itraconazole therapy in dogs?
• Which adrenergic agent is used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs?
• Which inhalant anesthetic is characterized by very rapid induction and recovery times and is commonly used in high risk patients; about 3% of the drug is metabolized by the liver?
• How do benzodiazepines differ from barbiturates in terms of safety and mechanism?
• Which adrenergic agent is used to raise blood pressure?
• Which drug is used as an antitussive in dogs?
• What does ELDU stand for, and what is a safety consideration?
• Which short-acting depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent is used as an adjunct to anesthesia to produce skeletal muscle relaxation?
• Which statement about the relationship between half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance is correct?
• Which anticholinergic is used to treat diarrhea?
• Why are tetracyclines avoided in young animals and during pregnancy?
• What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics on bacteria?
• Which drug is an alpha-1 antagonist used as a hypotensive agent?
• Which opioid has M-5050 as its reversal agent?
• Which gas is nicknamed 'laughing gas'?
• Which cholinergic agent is used to treat atony of the GI tract and to stimulate uterine contractions in swine?
• What is the general mechanism of macrocyclic lactones against parasites?
• Which inhalant is primarily used as an analgesic adjunct during anesthesia?
• Which alpha-adrenergic blocking agent is used as a reversal for xylazine? Trade Yobine.
• Which direct-acting cholinergic drug is used to treat GI and urinary tract atony?
• Which anticholinergic is used to treat diarrhea?
• Which pure opioid agonist is used to treat moderate to severe pain and is the standard against which others are compared?
• Which drug is a pure opioid antagonist used as a reversal agent for morphine and fentanyl?
• Which inhalant is the most potent with slow recovery and tissue retention?
• Which chemical class is used as an indirect cholinergic agent in insecticide dips and is dangerous to humans?
• Which inhalant is nicknamed 'laughing gas'?
• Which synthetic opioid is used for immobilization of wildlife via projectile dart and requires naloxone on hand?
• Which drug is a short-acting analgesic with less sedative effect, approved for analgesia in horses and dogs?
• Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) - Used in the treatment of separation anxiety in dogs, obsessive disorders, and phobias. trade name Reconcile.
• Which statement correctly describes the major adverse effect profile of loop diuretics used in veterinary patients with heart failure?
• What is the mechanism of action of naloxone and when is it indicated?
• Which cholinesterase inhibitor is similar to neostigmine?
• Which inhalant anesthetic is rapidly induced and recovered and has about 3% hepatic metabolism?
• Which adrenergic agent is the precursor to epinephrine and norepinephrine and is used to treat shock and congestive heart failure?
• Which drug is similar to atropine but lasts twice as long (2-4 hours) and is more expensive, working better on rabbits than atropine?
• Which inhalant anesthetic has rapid induction and recovery times and minimal cardiovascular depression?
• Which ultrashort-acting barbiturate produces 5 to 10 minutes of anesthesia and may be used in sight hounds due to rapid redistribution and metabolism?
• Which pharmacokinetic parameter describes the apparent volume in which the total amount of drug would need to be uniformly distributed to yield the same concentration as in plasma?
• Which MAO-B inhibitor is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction (old dog dementia)?
• What is a common clinical use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in small animals, and what is a notable adverse effect?
• What is the receptor target and a key clinical effect of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists used for veterinary sedation?
• What is the recommended sequence in antibiotic management for suspected infection?
• Which drug is used as an antitussive in dogs and is an opioid?
• Which anticholinergic is commonly used in preanesthetic protocols to prevent bradycardia and to treat organophosphate toxicity?
• Cefovecin is a long-acting injectable cephalosporin used in dogs and cats. What is its typical duration of activity?
• If a drug has a large volume of distribution and clearance remains constant, what happens to its elimination half-life?
• Which systemic antifungal is associated with hepatotoxic risk in veterinary medicine?
• Which emetic is used to induce vomiting in dogs and is administered as a tablet placed in the conjunctiva?
• Which alpha-2 agonist is approved in dog, cat, horse, elk, and deer and used for sedative, analgesic, anesthetic, and as an emetic, with 2% and 10% concentrations?
• Dissociative anesthetic always seen in combination with zolazepam which becomes Telazol.
• Which drug is an ophthalmic beta-blocker used to treat glaucoma?
• What is the principle behind intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in severe drug overdoses?
• What is the primary mechanism by which opioids provide analgesia in dogs and cats, and name a common antagonist?
• Telazol is formed by tiletamine combined with which benzodiazepine?
• Which drug is a reversal agent for medetomidine (alpha-2 agonist) sedation?
• If the volume of distribution increases while clearance remains constant, what happens to the elimination half-life?
• Which drug is used to treat fearfulness and anxiety in animals?
• Which drug is an alpha-2 agonist approved for use as a sedative and analgesic in dogs?
• Which reversal agent is used for benzodiazepine overdose?
• Which drug is explicitly described as a cholinesterase reactivator?
• Which milky-white emulsion administered IV to induce anesthesia, can be given as a bolus or as a constant rate infusion and is commonly used in C-sections for rapid induction?
• Which anticonvulsant is adjunct therapy with phenobarbital for the control of refractory epilepsy and is usually compounded into an oral syrup?
• Which indirect acting cholinergic agonist is used in the preventive management of glaucoma?
• What are the main respiratory and cardiovascular effects of propofol during induction?
• Which statement about methoxyflurane is NOT true?
• Which drug is approved to control vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats (Centrine)?
• How does buprenorphine differ from full mu agonists, and what is a practical implication in cats?
• Which drug is used as a nonselective beta-agonist to increase heart rate and cardiac output?
• Buspirone is also used to control urine marking and spraying.
• Why is ivermectin contraindicated or used with caution in Collies and other MDR1 mutation dogs?
• Which antiarrhythmic is commonly used for ventricular arrhythmias in dogs, and what is its primary mechanism?
• Aminoglycosides pose a risk to which organ systems in veterinary patients?
• Name two major toxicities associated with aminoglycosides in veterinary patients.
• Which statement about corticosteroid adverse effects is true?
• Which inhalant is associated with tissue retention up to 50% and metabolism for elimination?
• Which alpha-2 agonist is FDA-approved in horses and used as a sedative to facilitate handling, examination and treatment; premed prior to general anesthesia?
• Why must NSAIDs be used with caution in dehydrated or renally compromised patients?
• In veterinary practice, what is an advantage of fluconazole over itraconazole?
• Alpha adrenergic blocking agent used as a vasodilator?
• Which long-acting barbiturate is used as an oral anticonvulsant for idiopathic epilepsy in dogs?
• Which alpha-2 agonist is approved for horses and used as a sedative/analgesia, marketed under the name Dormosedan?
• Which semisynthetic opioid is about 10 times stronger than morphine and is used in dogs for restraint and diagnostic procedures, often with a tranquilizer to produce neuroleptanalgesia?
• Which carbamylcholine ester is used to treat GI atony and urinary retention?
• What is the role of digoxin in dogs with atrial fibrillation and what is a major monitoring consideration?
• Which of the following is a common adverse effect of NSAIDs in dogs?
• Which diuretic is commonly used for congestive heart failure in dogs and cats, and what are its major adverse effects?
• Which drug is a mu opioid receptor agonist that is about 1/8 as potent as morphine and known by the trade name Demerol?
• Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is commonly prescribed for myasthenia gravis due to its longer duration than neostigmine?
• Which alpha-adrenergic blocking agent is used as a reversal for medetomidine?
• Which opioid requires naloxone on hand due to high potency in wildlife immobilization?
• Which drug is a direct muscarinic agonist used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
• Which fluoroquinolone has retinal toxicity in cats?
• Which drug is used as a transdermal analgesic patch and as an anesthetic adjunct?
• Which anticholinergic reduces equine colonic peristalsis to facilitate rectal examination?
• Which drug is a calcium channel blocker used to treat feline hypertension, and what is its mechanism?
• Which drug is described as a direct agonist used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma?
• Why is it important to consider withdrawal times when using antibiotics in food-producing animals?
• What is the general mechanism of NSAIDs in dogs?
• Which alpha-2 agonist is approved for use in dog, cat, horse, elk, deer and used for sedative, analgesic, anesthetic, and as an emetic?
• Which anticonvulsant is described as an adjunct therapy with phenobarbital and is typically compounded into an oral syrup?
• What reversal agent is used for benzodiazepine overdose?
• Which anticholinergic with actions similar to atropine but longer duration is used primarily as a preanesthetic?
• Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Which precaution is recommended after stopping nitrous oxide anesthesia to prevent diffusion hypoxia?
• Which alpha1-adrenergic agonist acts as a vasoconstrictor, nasal decongestant, and raises blood pressure?
• Praziquantel acts by increasing parasite membrane permeability to calcium, causing paralysis and death; it is particularly effective against which parasites?
• What is the primary purpose of culture and sensitivity testing before selecting an antibiotic in a suspected infection?
• Which inhalant anesthetic is hepatically metabolized up to about 25% and can sensitize the heart to catecholamines?
• What are typical signs of systemic lidocaine toxicity and how is it managed?
• Which serotonin reuptake inhibitor is used to treat separation anxiety in dogs and phobias?
• Which extremely potent opioid used for wildlife immobilization is about 10,000 times morphine and is associated with an M-5050 reverser?
• Which drug is used to treat diarrhea and is a Class V controlled substance?
• Which anticholinergic is used to treat diarrhea, urinary incontinence, and bradycardia, and reduces colonic peristalsis in horses for rectal examination?
• Which reversal agent for medetomidine sedation is Atipamezole?
• In antimicrobial stewardship, what is the best practice when prescribing antibiotics for suspected infections?
• Which statement best describes NSAID use in dogs with dehydration or renal impairment?
• Which antiarrhythmic class does lidocaine belong to, and what is its primary target?
• Which direct acting cholinergic is used to control vomiting and promote gastric emptying? Trade Reglan.
• Dinoprost (PGF2α) is used for what in reproductive management, and what precaution is needed?
• Name a COX-2 selective NSAID used in dogs and describe its clinical advantage.
• Which drug is used to treat diarrhea and is combined with atropine (class V controlled substance)?
• Which benzodiazepine is combined with tiletamine to form Telazol?
• Which cholinesterase inhibitor is used as a glaucoma preventive agent?
• Which drug is a partial mu agonist/antagonist used for analgesia in several species, especially young animals?
• Why are horses particularly sensitive to monensin, and what clinical signs indicate monensin toxicity?
• First-pass metabolism affects oral bioavailability. Which statement is true?
• Which inhalant is the most potent and slowest to recover, with up to 50% retention in body tissues?
• Praziquantel is primarily effective against which parasite group?
• Which ultra-short acting barbiturate is used to induce anesthesia and should not be used in very thin animals?
• Which beta1 agonist is used for short-term treatment of heart failure?
• Itraconazole, compared with fluconazole, is more likely to have drug interactions and may require liver function monitoring.
• Which alpha-2 agonist is FDA-approved in horses and used as a premed prior to general anesthesia?
• Which analgesic is approved in horses for colic analgesia and in dogs as a postoperative analgesic, administered IV or IM and described as less sedative than other opioids?
• Which drug is commonly used to dilate pupils for ophthalmic examination?
• What is the mechanism of action of macrolide antibiotics?
• Phenothiazine derivative used as a tranquilizer in preanesthetic mixtures; produces sedation with no significant analgesia and is an antiemetic. contraindicated in breeding stallions because it can cause penile prolapse and in animals with a history of seizures because it lowers the seizure threshold.
• Which agent is commonly used to reverse xylazine in small animals?
• Which drug is a dopamine precursor used to treat shock and to increase renal blood flow?
• Which benzodiazepine derivative is used as a tranquilizer, antianxiety medication and anticonvulsant, commonly used with ketamine to induce anesthesia, and cannot be drawn up into a plastic syringe because it absorbs into the plastic?
• Which enzyme monitoring assay is used to detect potential hepatotoxicity during itraconazole therapy?
• Which inhalant anesthetic is historically associated with malignant hyperthermia in some dogs and pigs and is partially metabolized by the liver?
• Which adverse effect is associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in dogs?
• Mixed opioid agonist/antagonist used for mild to moderate pain; 4 to 7 times more powerful than morphine; common component of preanesthetic protocols. also used as an antitussive; class IV controlled substance
• Which skeletal muscle relaxant is used in combination with ketamine and xylazine in horses to induce general anesthesia and is also used as an expectorant?
• Which adrenergic agent stimulates all receptors in the heart and is the drug of choice for cardiac arrest?
• Nitrous oxide is used as an analgesic adjunct to other anesthetics.
• Which beta-agonist is nonselective and increases cardiac output and bronchodilation?
• Which anticholinergic is used to treat diarrhea and is structurally related to scopolamine?
• Beta adrenergic blocking agent used to treat glaucoma; prepared as an ophthalmic preparation.
• Which drug is contraindicated in breeding stallions due to penile prolapse and lowers seizure threshold?
• Which drug is a cholinesterase reactivator used to treat organophosphate toxicity?
• What is the standard antidote for acetaminophen toxicity in cats, and why are cats susceptible?
• Buspirone is used in veterinary medicine primarily for which purpose?
• Which potent mu opioid is commonly used as an anesthetic adjunct and may be given as a transdermal patch?
• Which indirect cholinergic agent is used to treat urine retention and GI atony and acts as an antidote to neuromuscular blockers?
• Which systemic antifungal is commonly used in veterinary medicine, and what is its major hepatotoxic risk?
• Which fluoroquinolone has a well-known association with retinal toxicity in cats?
• Deslorelin is a GnRH agonist used to suppress or synchronize estrus in dogs; how is it commonly delivered to provide prolonged suppression?
• Which indirect cholinergic agonist is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
• During pregnancy, tetracyclines can cause what in the developing fetus?
• A dissociative anesthetic approved for use in cats; used commonly in combination with tranquilizers for sedation or to induce general anesthesia. maintains reflexes when used alone and has poor visceral analgesia.
• Which alpha-adrenergic blocking agent is used as reversal for xylazine?
• Which long-acting barbiturate is used orally as an anticonvulsant for long-term therapy in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy?
• What does MAC stand for in inhalant anesthesia, and how does it relate to potency?
• Which MAO-B inhibitor is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction (Anipryl)?
• Which intravenous anesthetic is commonly used for rapid induction and may be given as a bolus or continuous rate infusion?
• What is the role of GnRH agonists (e.g., deslorelin) in canine reproductive management?
• Tricyclic antidepressant, a serotonin re-uptake blocker, used to treat separation anxiety,obsessive disorders, and aggression in dogs, spraying in cats. trade name Clomicalm